A new study by Climate Trends reveals that black carbon emissions have significantly accelerated snow and glacier melt in the Eastern and Central Himalayas.

Using 23 years of NASA satellite data (2000–2023), the study shows snow surface temperatures rose from -11.27°C to -7.13°C, driven by black carbon from biomass burning, fossil fuel use, and crop residue combustion in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Black carbon lowers snow’s albedo, making it absorb more heat. The Eastern Himalayas showed the highest black carbon concentrations and fastest melting. Experts warn of severe consequences for nearly two billion people dependent on Himalayan freshwater. Dr Farooq Azam noted 2022 as the worst year for glacier loss, with up to 2 meters of ice loss from Chhota Shigri Glacier. The report urges targeted policy action to reduce emissions from cookstoves, transport, and crop burning, stating such measures could provide quick climate relief and slow glacial retreat.